Drone legislation in Portugal: What you need to know before taking off

Portugal, with its spectacular coastal landscapes and historic cities, is a dream destination for drone pilots. However, before flying your device to capture these breathtaking views, it is crucial to understand the applicable regulations. Like all member states of the European Union, Portugal has adopted the regulations of the EASA (European Union Aviation Safety Agency), while adding some national specificities managed by the ANAC (National Civil Aviation Authority).

The European Framework: Categories of Operations

European regulations classify drone flights into three main categories based on the level of risk. For the vast majority of amateur and professional pilots, the Open Category applies. This is itself divided into subcategories (A1, A2, A3) based on the drone’s weight and proximity to people.

• Open Category: For low-risk flights. It does not require prior authorization, but imposes strict rules.
• Specific Category: For flights with moderate risk that do not fall under the Open category (e.g., flights beyond visual line of sight, over gatherings of people). Authorization from the ANAC is required.
• Certified Category: For high-risk flights, such as the transport of passengers or dangerous goods. This category is subject to requirements similar to those of conventional aviation.

The Essential Rules of the Open Category in Portugal

If you plan to fly for leisure or simple missions, you will most likely be in the Open Category. Here are the basic rules to follow:

1. Operator registration: If your drone weighs more than 250 grams or is equipped with a camera (which is the case for most drones), you must register as an operator with the ANAC. You will receive an operator number that you must affix to your drone.
2. Online training and exam: To fly a drone weighing more than 250g, you must complete online training and pass the corresponding exam (A1/A3 certificate) on the ANAC platform or another European authority.
3. Maximum flight height: Flight is limited to a height of 120 meters above the ground or water.
4. Visual line of sight (VLOS): You must maintain direct visual contact with your drone at all times to ensure safety and avoid collisions.
5. Respect for privacy: It is strictly forbidden to film or photograph people without their explicit consent. Flying over private property is also heavily regulated.
6. Restricted areas: Never fly near airports (generally within a 5-8 km radius), military zones, emergency services, protected national parks, or other sensitive areas. Always consult the official map before taking off.

Portuguese Specificities: ANAC and AAN

Beyond the European framework, Portugal imposes an additional, very important rule, often overlooked by tourists: authorization is required for any aerial filming (photo or video).

• The ANAC (Autoridade Nacional da Aviação Civil): This is the main authority for operator registration, training, and general airspace regulations. Its website is the primary source of information.
• The AAN (National Aeronautical Authority): This is the military authority that must grant permission for aerial imagery. Specifically, if you plan to take photos or videos with your drone, you must submit an online request to the AAN several weeks before your flight.
• Interactive maps: To find out where you can fly, use the ANAC geoportal or applications like “Voa na Boa”. These tools show you in real time the prohibited, restricted or temporarily regulated areas.

Checklist before your flight to Portugal

To ensure you are compliant, follow these steps:

1. I registered as an operator on the ANAC website and affixed my number to my drone.
2. I have completed and passed my A1/A3 online training.
3. I have liability insurance (highly recommended).
4. Before each flight, I consult the flight zone map (“Voa na Boa”).
5. If I plan to take photos or videos, I have obtained prior authorization from the AAN .
6. I respect the maximum height of 120 meters and I always keep my drone in sight.

In conclusion, flying a drone in Portugal is a fantastic experience, but one that requires preparation and a strong sense of responsibility. By strictly adhering to these rules, you ensure your safety and the safety of others, and you can fully enjoy the beauty of the country from the sky.