Drone Legislation in Brazil: The Complete Guide

Brazil, with its vast and varied landscapes, is an exceptional playground for drone pilots. However, as in most countries, the use of these unmanned aerial vehicles (UAS/drones) is strictly regulated to ensure the safety of the airspace and people on the ground. Navigating this legislation may seem complex, but it is structured around three key agencies. This article will guide you through the essential rules you need to know before taking off with your drone in Brazil.

The Three Pillars of Regulation

Brazilian drone legislation falls under the jurisdiction of three separate government agencies, each with a specific role:

• ANAC (Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil) : The civil aviation authority. ANAC is responsible for drone registration, pilot certification for certain categories, and establishing general aircraft safety rules.
• DECEA (Departamento de Controle do Espaço Aéreo) : The Airspace Control Department. Attached to the Brazilian Air Force, DECEA manages access to airspace. Flight authorizations must be requested from this organization, particularly for flights beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) or near sensitive areas.
• ANATEL (Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações) : The national telecommunications agency. ANATEL regulates all equipment that emits radio frequencies. Therefore, your drone’s remote control must be ANATEL-approved to be used legally in Brazil.

Drone Classification and Registration

The ANAC classifies drones (called RPA – Remotely Piloted Aircraft) according to their maximum takeoff weight (PMD). This classification determines the pilot’s obligations.

• Drones weighing less than 250 grams: They are exempt from registration with the ANAC. However, the pilot must still comply with general flight rules (do not fly over people, respect privacy, etc.).
• Drones weighing between 250 g and 25 kg: This is the most common category. Registration of the drone on the ANAC’s SISANT system is mandatory . The pilot must be over 18 years old. Civil liability insurance is also required.
• Drones over 25 kg: These drones are subject to much stricter rules, similar to those for piloted aircraft, requiring certification of the device and a specific pilot’s license.

Registration on the SISANT system is free and done online. Once registered, you will receive an identification number which must be visibly displayed on your drone.

Essential Flight Rules to Follow

Whether your use is recreational or professional, certain basic rules apply to almost all flights.

1. Minimum age: The responsible pilot must be at least 18 years old for any drone weighing more than 250 grams.
2. Visual line-of-sight (VLOS) flight: The drone must remain constantly within the pilot’s field of vision, without the aid of binoculars or other devices.
3. Maximum altitude: Unless specially authorized by the DECEA, the flight height is limited to 120 meters (approximately 400 feet) above the ground.
4. Distancing from people: It is forbidden to fly over gatherings of people. A horizontal safety distance of at least 30 meters must be maintained from non-consenting individuals.
5. Exclusion zones: It is strictly forbidden to fly near airports, airfields, heliports, as well as security zones such as prisons, military installations and critical infrastructure.
6. Mandatory insurance: For drones over 250g, civil liability insurance (called RETA ) is mandatory, even for recreational use.

Flying as a Tourist in Brazil

Foreign tourists are subject to the same rules as Brazilian residents. If you plan to bring your drone to Brazil, here are some important points:

• Registration: If your drone weighs more than 250g, you must register it on the SISANT system.
• ANATEL Certification: This is the most delicate point. Technically, all radio frequency equipment used in Brazil must be certified by ANATEL. Drones purchased abroad are generally not. Although checks are rare for short-term tourist use, it is important to be aware of this risk.
• Respect local rules: Always check the specific restrictions for the area you are visiting (national parks, protected areas, etc.).

Conclusion

Drone legislation in Brazil is well-established and primarily focused on safety. In short, if your drone weighs more than 250 grams, you must be over 18 years old, register your device with SISANT , purchase RETA insurance, and always fly within visual line of sight while respecting safety distances and exclusion zones. By following these guidelines, you can legally enjoy the spectacular views Brazil has to offer from the sky.